According to EJ Graff, scholar and author of the book What is Marriage For, there are five static reasons people have married throughout time: 1. property, 2. kin 3. money 4. order 5. heart.
When I got married it was with the idea that we could have a sort of liberated wedding. Sure, marriage is a troubled institution, but we could pick and choose between sexist traditions, and keep the ones we felt some sort of connection with. But, of course, it is not just the wedding that has troublesome roots (how often we fiance’d forget: a marriage is not a wedding!)
So, what is the baggage that comes with “wife”? Here, I’ve talked to a handful of marriage researches, trying to dig into the roots of the institution I am in.
According to marriage historian, Stephanie Coontz, virtually all societies marry. The only culture Coontz found that didn’t marry was the Na or Mosuo, a small matriarchal society near Tibet. Because they don’t marry or live with partners, children are raised by their mother’s family. It reminds me of when I was a little kid and my Mom asked me who I wanted to marry when I grew up. “You” I said, bewildered. Wouldn’t I be with her forever?
Coontz says marriage has spread to, essentially, all cultures because marriage does one important thing in every society: it creates in-laws. (I’ll abstain from mother-in-law jokes.) Coontz says, “Marriage arose as a way of extending social cooperation between groups: acquiring allies, trading partners and making peace. The Anglo-Saxon word for wife is peace maker.”
But for the peace-maker, historically, there wasn’t a lot of choice. One can say women were once chattel, in Ancient Greece ‘gifted’ from their fathers to husbands.
Wife selling was once popular. In England in the 17th century, during a time when only the very rich could divorce, the wife would be announced in a newspaper. During the event, the woman would be led around by a rope or ribbon, shown off to the crowd and then sold to the highest bidder. How is that for a reality show?
According to E.P. Thompson who has done a great deal of research on wife-selling, the wife might already be living with her new partner, who would surely be her highest bidder — though she might be subject to bids from complete strangers. Thompson also tells of one bargaining where the woman didn’t like the highest bidder, so she and the former husband opted for a lesser bidder.
But wives had major roles in family business. So say, in the 17th century, you were a lady who married a shopkeeper. You were just as vital to the business, you might keep the books and deal with customers. The wife was as a business partner, but legally, the husband owned all wages.
“That situation began to change in the mid-1800s, as judges and legislators began to allow wives to keep the wages they earned. Women also succeeded in getting some states to offer grounds for divorce. Back then (and still today) women initiated divorce proceedings more often than men did” says Coontz.
Then Industrial Revolution made a big shift: “Work left home. Men were kicked out of the house and into offices, while upper and middle class wives were locked inside. Instead of being a shared economic bond, marriage became an emotional haven,” says Graff.
Instead of marrying to start a business together, marrying for love was the shocking new idea. Which kind of marriage, again, is the one with sanctity?
Until the 18th century, families had the biggest say over marriage. In this way, young men were just as much prisoners to marriage, having not much more choice than women. Read this way, the institution can be seen as less about men controlling women and more about families controlling their offspring.
Marrying for love came from the radical new notion that humans had a right to happiness. “Social conservatives of the day were horrified. They predicted that once marriage was based on love, some people might refuse to marry without love, while others might demand the right to divorce if there was no love. They worried that men might stop exerting their authority over their wives and start giving in to them. It took a while for these things to play out, but they were quite right,” says Coontz.
And today, social conservatives are just as outraged about where marriage is now headed — to equality, for the right of all couples to marry. I wear a gold band on my left ring finger, symbolizing the relationship but my husband, but sometimes I find myself hiding that hand, unsure of my status as someone who “believes in marriage”.
There area lot of reasons to not believe in the institution. For us, being married works, and I can accept the troubled history of the institution…. but I would feel a lot better about my ring finger if all consenting adults were able to marry.






















Getting over PiV [Or how Lesbian Sex Changed my Str8 Sex]
photo by Giulia Agostini
When I was a kid, I thought “sex” was two people peeing on each other. Like, I imagined you got in a bed naked and cuddled for so long that inevitably you would have to pee. But instead of getting up to pee, you just “let go” and peed together, in the bed. This romantic notion just made sense in my eight-year-old brain.
By the time I hit middle school, I totally knew what sex was. Or at least I acted that way, ready to jump on my more naive peers with a “You mean you don’t know?!”
I thought I had gathered the correct information about the genitals, for the most part. I stared at the instructions that came with boxes of tampons, and tried to understand how one went about inserting them … or anything at all down there. I prayed no one would give me a pop quiz about how the logistics of it all worked.
So when I was 15, and my 14-year-old boyfriend and I decided to have sex, it won’t shock you to know that we couldn’t figure it out. We knew sex meant this one act, this penetration thing, but it just didn’t work for us. Later, when we broke up, I wrote, heartbroken in my diary, that I’d “practically had sex with him.”
I remember writing that diary entry, and feeling like I had lost a layer of my virginity, and a significant one; it wasn’t sex per se, but it was still something important. Later, I crossed out the entry, because I hadn’t gone all the way. The big question amongst my friends was, “Did you, or didn’t you?”
Later, of course, I did. At 16, I had a serious boyfriend, who was a few years older than me, meaning he had his own place. Every time we saw each other, our clothes just jumped off our bodies and we went through a montage of sex positions and role play games. There were schoolgirl costumes and anime porn (both my ideas, which I feel baffled about to this day, these tastes haven’t followed me to adulthood.) But, I was into this at the time. I liked the sex we were having. Yet, sometimes I felt pressure for it to end in penetration, like I owed it to him, like that is what counted and made it sex.
As we settled, a few years into our relationship, the role play stopped, the intensity began to disappear– but we were still having a lot of sex. Every-time we hung out, it was a lot of laying on the couch watching movies, waiting inevitably, for the kiss on my neck and poke in my backside. And, always, I would oblige. But I would find myself trying to hurry the sex along, faking turned on, wondering if he would go home in time for me to catch re-runs of “The Golden Girls” on Lifetime.
I guess I felt like, that is what you did as a couple, or like, I wanted to be physically intimate, so sex was what I should do.
Looking back, I wonder how would it have been different, if I had known what I know now about sex. Could I have offered a different sex act instead that I might have enjoyed more?
In college, single and going to house-parties, I started keeping close tabs on my number. Not because I was terribly worried about sleeping with too many people, but because I liked tallying, and keeping things neat and clean. On nights when I couldn’t sleep, I liked re-counting my sex partners, imagining some strange reality show where someone locked all of the men I had slept with in a room together and made them interact. Would they guess what they had in common? Who would get along?
But inevitably, as I tried to tally my sex partners, I found myself wondering, the same thing my friends did about the first guy: Did that one count? Did I or didn’t I have sex with him? Was there actual penis-in-vagina? Should I add him to the list?
Then I started dating a girl and came out as bisexual. Maybe I should have mentioned, even my eight-year-old-self thought “pee sex” could happen between ANY two people!
–Read the rest at TheFrisky for my Aha! moment